TGD | Gene Details

Identifiers and Description

Gene Model Identifier
TTHERM_01207660

Standard Name
CDC2 (Cell Division Cycle )

Aliases
PreTt09119 | 274.m00036

Description
Homolog of the catalytic subunit of the major cell cycle cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk); studies suggest cdc2p phosphorylates HHO1; expression positively regulated by HHO1 phosphorylation during starvation, resulting in a positive feedback

Genome Browser (Macronucleus)

Genome Browser (Micronucleus)

Gene Ontology Annotations

Cellular Component
ribosome (IEA) | GO:0005840
intracellular (IEA) | GO:0005622
cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex (ISS) | GO:0000307 | Ref:15870266
Molecular Function
ATP binding (IEA) | GO:0005524
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity (ISS) | GO:0004693 | Ref:15870266
protein tyrosine kinase activity (IEA) | GO:0004713
protein kinase activity (IEA) | GO:0004672
structural constituent of ribosome (IEA) | GO:0003735
Biological Process
histone phosphorylation (IGI) | GO:0016572 | Ref:15870266
cell cycle (ISS) | GO:0007049 | Ref:15870266
protein phosphorylation (IEA) | GO:0006468
translation (IEA) | GO:0006412

Domains

( PF00069 ) protein kinase domain
( PF00572 ) ribosomal protein L13
( PF07714 ) protein tyrosine kinase
( TIGR01066 ) ribosomal protein L13
( TIGR01077 ) ribosomal protein L13
( PF00357 ) Integrin alpha cytoplasmic region

Gene Expression Profile

Tetrahymena Functional Genomics Database: TTHERM_01207660

Tetrahymena Stock Center

No Data fetched for StockID

Homologs (v.2006 protein sequences)

Source Identifier Score Description

Tetrahymena borealis EI9_20946.1 9.99709313703352e-262 hypothetical protein (309 aa)

Oxytricha Contig21128.0.g79 9.00246215014469e-141 Protein kinase domain

ParameciumDB GSPATP00015729001 9.99679536751975e-103 Paramecium tetraurelia GSPATP0
0015729001 protein

ToxoDB 38.m00005 3.00093589918143e-99 Toxoplasma gondii cell divisio
n control 2-like protein kinas
e, putative

DictyBase DDB0188077 7.99781938323555e-96 cdk5 protein kinase, CMGC grou
p cyclin-dependent kinase CDK
family protein kinase protein
serine/threonine kinase

IPI(HUMAN) IPI:IPI00023530.5 7.00062017416572e-94 PROT:Q00535|TREMBL:Q6IAW3|ENS
EMBL:ENSP00000297518|REFSEQ :N
P_004926|H- INV:HIT000009807;H
IT000032219|VEGA:OTTHUMP000000
25538 Tax_Id=9606 Cell divisio
n protein kinase 5

TAIR AT3G48750 7.99645838225609e-94 CDKA;1; A-type cyclin-dependen
t kinase. Together with its sp
ecific inhibitor, the Kip-rela
ted protein, KRP2 they regulat
e the mitosis-to-endocycle tra
nsition during leaf developmen
t.

CryptoDB EAK88218 9.99658427813174e-91 Cryptosporidium parvum (Iowa)
protein EAK88218

PlasmoDB MAL13P1.279 5.99837250625563e-88 Plasmodium falciparum 279

WormBase T27E9.3 4.99854970570476e-84 WBGene00000407 cdk-5 serine/th
reonine kinase (CDC2/CDKX subf
amily)

FlyBase FBgn0013762 2.00083124858741e-83

SGD YBR160W 4.99769909496708e-82 CDC28 SGDID:S000000364, Chr II
from 560072-560968, Verified
ORF, "Catalytic subunit of the
main cell cycle cyclin-depend
ent kinase (CDK); alternately
associates with G1 cyclins (CL
Ns) and G2/M cyclins (CLBs) wh
ich direct the CDK to specific
substrates"

Source	Identifier	Score	Description
Tetrahymena borealis	EI9_20946.1	9.99709313703352e-262	hypothetical protein (309 aa)
Oxytricha	Contig21128.0.g79	9.00246215014469e-141	Protein kinase domain
ParameciumDB	GSPATP00015729001	9.99679536751975e-103	Paramecium tetraurelia GSPATP0 0015729001 protein
ToxoDB	38.m00005	3.00093589918143e-99	Toxoplasma gondii cell divisio n control 2-like protein kinas e, putative
DictyBase	DDB0188077	7.99781938323555e-96	cdk5 protein kinase, CMGC grou p cyclin-dependent kinase CDK family protein kinase protein serine/threonine kinase
IPI(HUMAN)	IPI:IPI00023530.5	7.00062017416572e-94	PROT:Q00535\|TREMBL:Q6IAW3\|ENS EMBL:ENSP00000297518\|REFSEQ :N P_004926\|H- INV:HIT000009807;H IT000032219\|VEGA:OTTHUMP000000 25538 Tax_Id=9606 Cell divisio n protein kinase 5
TAIR	AT3G48750	7.99645838225609e-94	CDKA;1; A-type cyclin-dependen t kinase. Together with its sp ecific inhibitor, the Kip-rela ted protein, KRP2 they regulat e the mitosis-to-endocycle tra nsition during leaf developmen t.
CryptoDB	EAK88218	9.99658427813174e-91	Cryptosporidium parvum (Iowa) protein EAK88218
PlasmoDB	MAL13P1.279	5.99837250625563e-88	Plasmodium falciparum 279
WormBase	T27E9.3	4.99854970570476e-84	WBGene00000407 cdk-5 serine/th reonine kinase (CDC2/CDKX subf amily)
FlyBase	FBgn0013762	2.00083124858741e-83
SGD	YBR160W	4.99769909496708e-82	CDC28 SGDID:S000000364, Chr II from 560072-560968, Verified ORF, "Catalytic subunit of the main cell cycle cyclin-depend ent kinase (CDK); alternately associates with G1 cyclins (CL Ns) and G2/M cyclins (CLBs) wh ich direct the CDK to specific substrates"

General Information

Paragraph No Gene Name Paragraph Text
9 HHO1,
CDC2,
NgoA,
CYP1 HHO1 knockouts show no global increase or decrease in the amount of transcription in the cell; however, these same knockouts also show that Hho1p is important for the transcriptional regulation of individual genes in response to stimuli, such as starvation. The differential regulation of Hho1p by phosphorylation under vegetative growth and starvation conditions has been well studied. During vegetative growth, Hho1p is phosphorylated on five closely spaced residues, preventing it from interacting with chromatin, likely by interfering with its ability to bind DNA. Under these conditions, expression is increased for CDC2, a homolog of the cyclin dependent kinases responsible for histone H1 phosphorylation, possibly creating a positive feedback loop that promotes the cell cycle. During starvation conditions, Hho1p is dephosphorylated, allowing it to bind to chromatin. This stimulates the expression of some genes, including ngoA, and protease genes such as CYP1, while inhibiting expression of other genes, such as CDC2. This decrease in CDC2 expression may be responsible for cell cycle arrest during starvation.

Associated Literature

Ref:17715364: Parker K, Maxson J, Mooney A, Wiley EA (2007) Class I histone deacetylase Thd1p promotes global chromatin condensation in Tetrahymena thermophila. Eukaryotic cell 6(10):1913-24
Ref:17194754: Song X, Gorovsky MA (2007) Unphosphorylated H1 is enriched in a specific region of the promoter when CDC2 is down-regulated during starvation. Molecular and cellular biology 27(5):1925-33
Ref:16933976: Eisen JA, Coyne RS, Wu M, Wu D, Thiagarajan M, Wortman JR, Badger JH, Ren Q, Amedeo P, Jones KM, Tallon LJ, Delcher AL, Salzberg SL, Silva JC, Haas BJ, Majoros WH, Farzad M, Carlton JM, Smith RK, Garg J, Pearlman RE, Karrer KM, Sun L, Manning G, Elde NC, Turkewitz AP, Asai DJ, Wilkes DE, Wang Y, Cai H, Collins K, Stewart BA, Lee SR, Wilamowska K, Weinberg Z, Ruzzo WL, Wloga D, Gaertig J, Frankel J, Tsao CC, Gorovsky MA, Keeling PJ, Waller RF, Patron NJ, Cherry JM, Stover NA,
Ref:15870266: Dou Y, Song X, Liu Y, Gorovsky MA (2005) The H1 phosphorylation state regulates expression of CDC2 and other genes in response to starvation in Tetrahymena thermophila. Molecular and cellular biology 25(10):3914-22
Ref:12832485: Mohammad M, York RD, Hommel J, Kapler GM (2003) Characterization of a novel origin recognition complex-like complex: implications for DNA recognition, cell cycle control, and locus-specific gene amplification. Molecular and cellular biology 23(14):5005-17
Ref:12183062: Zhang H, Huang X, Tang L, Zhang QJ, Frankel J, Berger JD (2002) A cyclin-dependent protein kinase homologue associated with the basal body domains in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Biochimica et biophysica acta 1591(1-3):119-128
Ref:11456317: Sugii M, Fujishima M (2001) Purification of GVBD-inducing protein from the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology 48(4):414-24
Ref:10975520: De Souza CP, Osmani AH, Wu LP, Spotts JL, Osmani SA (2000) Mitotic histone H3 phosphorylation by the NIMA kinase in Aspergillus nidulans. Cell 102(3):293-302
Ref:10527850: Gonda K, Nishibori K, Ohba H, Watanabe A, Numata O (1999) Molecular cloning of the gene for p85 that regulates the initiation of cytokinesis in Tetrahymena. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 264(1):112-8
Ref:10329641: Mizzen CA, Dou Y, Liu Y, Cook RG, Gorovsky MA, Allis CD (1999) Identification and mutation of phosphorylation sites in a linker histone. Phosphorylation of macronuclear H1 is not essential for viability in tetrahymena. The Journal of biological chemistry 274(21):14533-6
Ref:9811850: Huang H, Wiley EA, Lending CR, Allis CD (1998) An HP1-like protein is missing from transcriptionally silent micronuclei of Tetrahymena. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95(23):13624-9
Ref:9819444: Won KA, Schumacher RJ, Farr GW, Horwich AL, Reed SI (1998) Maturation of human cyclin E requires the function of eukaryotic chaperonin CCT. Molecular and cellular biology 18(12):7584-9
Ref:8995382: Sweet MT, Carlson G, Cook RG, Nelson D, Allis CD (1997) Phosphorylation of linker histones by a protein kinase A-like activity in mitotic nuclei. The Journal of biological chemistry 272(2):916-23
Ref:8264578: Wu M, Allis CD, Sweet MT, Cook RG, Thatcher TH, Gorovsky MA (1994) Four distinct and unusual linker proteins in a mitotically dividing nucleus are derived from a 71-kilodalton polyprotein, lack p34cdc2 sites, and contain protein kinase A sites. Molecular and cellular biology 14(1):10-20
Ref:1453357: Fujishima M, Katsu Y, Ogawa E, Sakimura M, Yamashita M, Nagahama Y (1993) Meiosis-reinitiation-inducing factor of Tetrahymena functions upstream of M-phase-promoting factor. The Journal of protozoology 39(6):683-90
Ref:8306826: Sweet MT, Allis CD (1993) Phosphorylation of linker histones by cAMP-dependent protein kinase in mitotic micronuclei of Tetrahymena. Chromosoma 102(9):637-47
Ref:1297353: Masui Y (1993) Towards understanding the control of the division cycle in animal cells. Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire 70(10-11):920-45
Ref:2065655: Roth SY, Collini MP, Draetta G, Beach D, Allis CD (1991) A cdc2-like kinase phosphorylates histone H1 in the amitotic macronucleus of Tetrahymena. The EMBO journal 10(8):2069-75
Ref:17821280: Harrison JA, Fowler EH (1945) AN ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTION WITH TETRAHYMENA WHICH RESULTS IN DYSTOMY. Science (New York, N.Y.) 102(2638):65-6

Sequences

>TTHERM_01207660(coding)
ATGGTTATGAAAAATAGCAAGCTTGAGCGTTACGAAAAGCTCAATAAGCTCGGTGAAGGT
ACATATGGTGTTGTATATAAAGCAAGAGAAAAAACTACCAAAGAATTGTATGCCTTGAAA
AAAATCCGTTTAGAAAGTGAAGATGAAGGTATTCCCTCTACCGCAATCAGAGAAATCTCT
CTCTTAAAGGAGTTATAACATCCTAATGTTGTTAGATTGCACGATGTCATCCATTCAAAT
AAGAAACTCGTTTTAGTTTTTGAATTCGTTGATTAAGATTTAAAAAAATTCATGAATAAC
TTCAAGGATAAAGGACTCGATCCTCATATTATTAAGAGCTTACTTTATCAATTATTGAAG
GGTATTGAAGTTTGTCATAAAAATAAAATTCTTCATAGAGATTTGAAGCCTCAAAATTTG
CTAATTTCAAAGGAATGTATCCTTAAGTTAGCAGATTTCGGTTTGGCTAGAGCTTCTGGT
ATTCCTGTAAAGAATTATACACATGAAGTCGTTACTTTATGGTACAGACCTCCTGATGTC
CTTTTGGGATCTAAGCACTATTCCACTTCAATTGATATCTGGAGTATTGGTTGTATATTT
GCTGAAATGGTTAACTTAAAACCCTTGTTCCCTGGTAATTCAGAAACAGACGAATTAAAG
CGTATCTTTAAGTTGACAGGTACTCCATGTGTTGAAAAATGGCCTGGGCTTGCCGATCTT
CCTAATTGGAAGGCTGATGCATTTGAAAAATATCCTGGAGAGCCTCTTCAAAATATTTGC
CCCAAGCTTGATGAACTCGGTCTCGACTTACTTGGTAAAATGTTAAGATGCAACCCATAA
GAAAGAATTACTGCCAAAGCAGGTTTAGAACATCCCTATTTCAACGATATTCCTGACACA
TTAAAGAAGATGAATATGAGAATGTTGTCTTATTAGCTAGTAATATTTAACAAGAGACTT
ATTAATAAAATCAAAAGTCCAAAAACAATTAAATGTAATTATTTTGATAGAAAGAAATCC
TATATTTAAAAAGAAAAAGAAAGGGATTAGCTTAGTAAATAAGAAGATATCGATAGAAGA
AAAAATATTGTCAGTAAATTAGGAAACTTAGCTTCAAATGTCCATATTTTGAATAAATAA
ATTGCATCTTTCTCTGTATGGAAAAACCCTACAAATTATTTGCCAGAGAAAGCAAAGTTC
CCTTCTCCCAAGGAGTTATTCCCTAAAGACAATGAGAATTCTTGGAAGACTCTTAATGAT
TTAACCCCTTCTCTTTTCAAAGACGTTTAGGGATTTAAGGAAAAGTAAGTTCAAAGGGCT
GCATATATGCAAATCGCAAAACCAAATGGATAAATGTACCATATTTTTGATGCTTCCAAA
ATGCCTTTAGGAAGAATGTGCTAGAAAATTGCTTTCTTTTTGCAAGGAAAGCATAGACCT
ACTTTCAAAAACTGCGATTAAGTCACATATGACAATATTATTGTTGTTAATGCTGCAAAT
ATAATGTTAACAGGAAAAAAAGCTCTCCTTAAGACTGTGAAATATCATACAGGTTTTGTT
GGAGGATTAAAGGAAAAATCATATAAATTCTTCTTGACAGAGAAGCCTGAATAGTTAGTA
AATATTTACATTTAGTTAGTTAGTAAGGTTTTCTATTGCATCAGCAAAATGCTTCCTAAA
AATTTAAAGAGAAGAGATCTCTTAAAAAAAGTAGAAATATACAGAGATTTCTAACACGAA
AAATAAGGTTTACCCAATGTAATTTAAGTTAAAATTAACTATGCATCATTTATTTTAAAT
TCCTTAATTGAATTAATATAGTTTGTTCCTTATACTGAAAAAGAAACTTTCGATTAATAC
TTCAATCCCTTCGTTCACAACTTTGAAGACTTAGTTATTAAATTCTAATCATCTAAAGAA
ACTCCTAAGGAACTCGAAGGTATTAAAAAGGAAATTGATCCTGAAATTACTCTTCCTTTC
AACTAGAGATCTAAGATATTCAAATTAAATGCTCATAATAGAAGAGTTATGAAATAATGG
AAGATGTATTACAGAAGACTTAGAAGATACAAGGTCCATAAGATTAAGGCTCCTAAGAAT
AGAGATCCTAACTTGTCCAATAAGTCATTCATGATTACTTCAGATCGTCAAATTAAAGAT
TTCAATCTTCATAATCGTATTGTTCCTGAAGAAGTACCTGAAGATGATGATGAAATTATG
AGAACTATTCCAAGACAAGGAGGTGGTTCTGCAACTGCTGGTCCTGCTAAGCCTGCTGGT
GGTAATGCTAATGCAGGTGCTGCTGCTGCAAAGGGAGGTAAATAAGGTGGTAAAAAGTGA

>TTHERM_01207660(protein)
MVMKNSKLERYEKLNKLGEGTYGVVYKAREKTTKELYALKKIRLESEDEGIPSTAIREIS
LLKELQHPNVVRLHDVIHSNKKLVLVFEFVDQDLKKFMNNFKDKGLDPHIIKSLLYQLLK
GIEVCHKNKILHRDLKPQNLLISKECILKLADFGLARASGIPVKNYTHEVVTLWYRPPDV
LLGSKHYSTSIDIWSIGCIFAEMVNLKPLFPGNSETDELKRIFKLTGTPCVEKWPGLADL
PNWKADAFEKYPGEPLQNICPKLDELGLDLLGKMLRCNPQERITAKAGLEHPYFNDIPDT
LKKMNMRMLSYQLVIFNKRLINKIKSPKTIKCNYFDRKKSYIQKEKERDQLSKQEDIDRR
KNIVSKLGNLASNVHILNKQIASFSVWKNPTNYLPEKAKFPSPKELFPKDNENSWKTLND
LTPSLFKDVQGFKEKQVQRAAYMQIAKPNGQMYHIFDASKMPLGRMCQKIAFFLQGKHRP
TFKNCDQVTYDNIIVVNAANIMLTGKKALLKTVKYHTGFVGGLKEKSYKFFLTEKPEQLV
NIYIQLVSKVFYCISKMLPKNLKRRDLLKKVEIYRDFQHEKQGLPNVIQVKINYASFILN
SLIELIQFVPYTEKETFDQYFNPFVHNFEDLVIKFQSSKETPKELEGIKKEIDPEITLPF
NQRSKIFKLNAHNRRVMKQWKMYYRRLRRYKVHKIKAPKNRDPNLSNKSFMITSDRQIKD
FNLHNRIVPEEVPEDDDEIMRTIPRQGGGSATAGPAKPAGGNANAGAAAAKGGKQGGKK

>TTHERM_01207660(gene)
ATGGTTATGAAAAATAGCAAGCTTGAGCGTTACGAAAAGCTCAATAAGCTCGGTGAAGGT
ACATATGGTGTTGTATATAAAGCAAGAGGTAAAATTTATTATCTTTTAAAAGCACATATT
TATAGAATAGAGAGAATAAAAACACTTTTACACCATCGCTTAACTTTTCTATTAAATGCA
TTATGTTTTTTTAGGGAAGATTTAATTTAATAAACATTCCATTAATATTTAGAAAAAACT
ACCAAAGAATTGTATGCCTTGAAAAAAATCCGTTTAGAAAGTGAAGATGAAGGTATTCCC
TCTACCGCAATCAGAGAAATCTCTCTCTTAAAGGAGTTATAACATCCTAATGTTGTTAGG
TAAGTTGATTAAGTTGATATTCAATTAATTTTTCTACTAGCCAAAGATTGATTTTTTCAG
ATTTAAATTAAAAAGGATTACTTTAAAAAAGCATTTCCAAAGAATGTTTGTTAAGAAAAT
AAAATAAGTATGAATCAAAGAATAACAAATATTTTTTATTGTTAAAAAATCAGATTGCAC
GATGTCATCCATTCAAATAAGAAACTCGTTTTAGTTTTTGAATTCGTTGATTAAGATTTA
AAAAAATTCATGAATAACTTCAAGGATAAAGGACTCGATCCTCATATTATTAAGGTATGA
ATTTGAGAGTAGCAATCAATCCCACAGAATGAAAAATATAACATTTTAAAATATAGAGCT
TACTTTATCAATTATTGAAGGGTATTGAAGTTTGTCATAAAAATAAAATTCTTCATAGAG
ATTTGAAGCCTCAAAATTTGCTAATTTCAAAGGTAGAGCTTATAAAAATTTGTTTGTTTG
TTTTTTAAAAAAACTATTTTTTCTTTTGAAAGTTTATTTTTTATAAATAATTAATATATT
ATTATTTTATTTAAGGAATGTATCCTTAAGTTAGCAGATTTCGGTTTGGCTAGAGCTTCT
GGTATTCCTGTAAAGAATTATACACATGAAGTCGTTACTTTATGGTACAGACCTCCTGAT
GTCCTTTTGGGATCTAAGCACTATTCCACTTCAATTGATATCTGGAGTATTGGTTGTATA
TTTGCTGAAATGGTTAACTTAAAACCCTTGTTCCCTGGTAATTCAGAAACAGACGAATTA
AAGCGTATCTTTAAGTTGACAGGTACTCCATGTGTTGAAAAATGGCCTGGGCTTGCCGAT
CTTCCTAATTGGAAGGTAATTTTATTCATTTAATTAATTATTGAACATAAATTAATAATA
AATACTCTCTTTTTTATTAGGCTGATGCATTTGAAAAATATCCTGGAGAGCCTCTTCAAA
ATATTTGCCCCAAGCTTGATGAACTCGGTCTCGACTTACTTGGTGTAAAAATAGTTTTAA
GTTAAAAATATTTAGAAAATTGTAAATATTTTATTTTAATAGAAAATGTTAAGATGCAAC
CCATAAGAAAGAATTACTGCCAAAGCAGGTTTAGAACATCCCTATTTCAACGATATTCCT
GACACATTAAAGAAGTTATATCAATCAAACTGATAAATATGAATAAGCTCGAAGGTAGCT
TGAAAATGTTTTAAAAATTAAAATTAAATCCTTCGATAAATAGTAAAATAAATAAAATAT
TATGAACAAATTAAAAAAATGTAAGCAATATTATTTGATAAATAAGCTTTAATAAACTAA
CTATTTCTCCATTTGTAAATGTAGTTAAAATATATTTTTTGTAACTTTAATAGCAGATTT
ATTATTTTTCTAACTCTTTTTAGCAATTTCATTACGTATTATGGCTACAAATAAATAACA
TACATTAAAAATTCTTTATTAAATTTTTTAAATGTATAAAATCATCTATGTTTTATATCA
AATTCATTTATTATTATGAGATTTATGGCAATCATTTTCAAAAAGTTTTATAATCTATTT
TAACTTTAAAAGAAAAAATAATTATTTCTTAAAAATATTTAACTAAATATAATTAATTAA
AAGCTTTATAAAAATTTGAAAATTATTTTTTTCTGTTAACATTTATATTTTTAAAATAAT
ATAAACATCATTTTTTTTCAATTAAGTATAATATGATTGCTTTAGCAAAAATTTATACTT
CTTAAAAAAGTTAGAAAATTTTTATTTTAAAAAAATAAATATATTTTGTTTTGATTAAAA
TATTTTATCTATGATTTTATTAAAATCTATCTTTATTATTTGTATAAATATGCAAAAAAT
TGCTTTTTTCTAATAGTAATTTTTAAAAGAAGAACTTATTATTAATATAAATAAGTATGA
AAATAATTGTTTAAATAGCTAGTAAATTTGATAGATTCATTTATTTTTTAAATTAAAAAA
TAAAAAGTAAAAAAGAATTTAATTATGTTAATTTTAAAATGCTTAGTTTTTTAAGAAGCA
TATTAATTAAAATCAAAATGATACTAAAAGTTTAAGTAATGATTAAATTTGATAAATGAC
TTTTATTTAACTAAAAAATAATTTATTTATTTTACTTTAATGTTTTTAAATTTTGAAAAT
AATTATTAAAATTTAGATTATGAATTATTTAAAAGGATGAATATGAGAATGTTGTCTTAT
TAGCTAGTAATATTTAACAAGAGACTTATTAATAAAATCAGTAAGTAAAATAAAAAAGAG
TTTAATTGGTTTAATTTGAAAATGATTATTAAAGTTTATAATTAATTAATAAATAGTATT
TGAAAATATATTAAGTTATTTTTGTATAATCAATATATAAATAATTTCAAATTAATTAAG
TAAAAAAAAGAGTTTATTTATTTTAATTTGAAAATGATTATTAAAGTTTATAATTTGCAC
TTGTATATTCAAAGTATAAACAATTTAAATTAAAACGAATAAAATAATTTAAAGTTTGTA
ATTTAATAGTATTTGAAAATAATATTAAATTATGCTTGTATAATGAAAGTATAAACAAAT
TAAAATGAATAAAATTTTAATTGAGGCCTAAATTCTGAGTTATTAAAATGAATGAAGTTG
CTTCTTTTGAAGAAATTAATTAATATTTACTTTGAAGAAAGTCCAAAAACAATTAAATGT
AATTATTTTGATAGAAAGAAATCCTATATTTAAAAAGAAAAAGAAAGGGATTAGCTTAGT
AAATAAGAAGATATCGATAGAAGTATTATCAAAACAATATAAAATGATAGGAAAAAATAT
TGTCAGTAAATTAGGAAACTTAGCTTCAAATGTCCATATTTTGAATAAATAAATTGCATC
TTTCTCTGTATGGAAAAACCCTACAAATTATTTGCCAGAGAAAGCAAAGTTCCCTTCTCC
CAAGGAGTTATTCCCTAAAGACAATGAGAATTCTTGGAAGACTCTTAATGATTTAACCCC
TTCTCTTTTCAAAGACGTTTAGGGTATGAAAATAAGATTTATCTTTATACAAATAACTCC
TACCTATCAAATGTAGATATAGTTTTCACTCATCAAATTTTATATGAAATAAAGGATTTA
AGGAAAAGTAAGTTCAAAGGGCTGCATATATGCAAATCGCAAAACCAAATGGATAAATGT
ACCATATTTTTGATGCTTCCAAAATGGTAAAAAAATTATTTAATTAAGATAGATGTTTGA
AAGTTTTTAAGAAGTTTTTCAGTTTAAAAATATAACAAAGCAATTTAAATTTGTTTGGTG
GAATACCACTAAGAATGATTTTATTAATTTTCAGCGTTTGTCATTTTTCTACCATAAATT
TTGTTTATTTTTGATTAATTTATTTTAATAATAACAGCCTTTAGGAAGAATGTGCTAGAA
AATTGCTTTCTTTTTGCAAGGAAAGCATAGACCTACTTTCAAAAACTGCGATTAAGTCAC
ATATGACAATATTATTGTTGTTAATGCTGCAAATATAATGTTAACAGGAAAAAAAGCTCT
CCTTAAGACTGTGAAATATCATACAGGTATTCTAATTGATTATTCTCCCTTTCTTAAAAA
TCTAAAGATTTATCTTTTTATTTTTTGCTCGTTTACTCAAGCAAAAAGATAAACTTTTTA
TAGATATTAATAGTTAAAATTTGGAAATACAAATCAGTATTATAAATAAAATATTTTTTT
AATAGATTTGTTAATATCAAATAAAATAATTTCAAAAAAACATTTTTTTTAATTTAGGTT
TTGTTGGAGGATTAAAGGAAAAATCATATAAATTCTTCTTGACAGAGAAGCCTGAATAGT
TAGTAAATATTTACATTTAGTTAGTTAGTAAGGTTAAAAGCAAAATTTATTTTAAAAATT
GAAAGGTTTTCTATTGCATCAGCAAAATGCTTCCTAAAAATTTAAAGAGAAGAGATCTCT
TAAAAAAAGTAGAAATATACAGAGATTTCTAACACGAAAAATAAGGTTTACCCAATGTAA
TTTAAGTTAAAATTAACTATGCATCATTTATTTTAAATTCCTTAATTGAATTAATATAGT
TTGTTCCTTATACTGAAAAAGAAACTTTCGATTAATACTTCAATCCCTTCGTTCACAACT
TTGAAGACTTAGTTATTAAATTCTAATCATCTAAAGGTATAAAAAACATCAGTTTACTTT
AAATGAGAAATCATATTTTTAAAAATAACAGAAACTCCTAAGGAACTCGAAGGTATTAAA
AAGGAAATTGATCCTGAAATTACTCTTCCTTTCAACTAGAGATCTAAGATATTCAAATTA
AATGCTCATAATAGAAGAGTTATGAAATAATGGAAGATGTATTACAGAAGACTTAGAAGA
TACAAGGTCCATAAGATTAAGGCTCCTAAGAATAGAGATCCTAACTTGTCCAATAAGTCA
TTCATGATTACTTCAGATCGTCAAATTAAAGATTTCAATCTTCATAATCGTATTGTTCCT
GAAGAAGTACCTGAAGATGATGATGAAATTATGAGAACTATTCCAAGACAAGGAGGTGGT
TCTGCAACTGCTGGTCCTGCTAAGCCTGCTGGTGGTAATGCTAATGCAGGTGCTGCTGCT
GCAAAGGGAGGTAAATAAGGTGGTAAAAAGTGA

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Identifiers and Description

Gene Model Identifier

Standard Name

Aliases

Description

Genome Browser (Macronucleus)

Genome Browser (Micronucleus)

Gene Ontology Annotations

Cellular Component

Molecular Function

Biological Process

Domains

Gene Expression Profile

Tetrahymena Stock Center

Homologs (v.2006 protein sequences)

General Information

Associated Literature

Sequences

Wiki Links

External Links

Paragraph No	Gene Name	Paragraph Text
9	HHO1, CDC2, NgoA, CYP1	HHO1 knockouts show no global increase or decrease in the amount of transcription in the cell; however, these same knockouts also show that Hho1p is important for the transcriptional regulation of individual genes in response to stimuli, such as starvation. The differential regulation of Hho1p by phosphorylation under vegetative growth and starvation conditions has been well studied. During vegetative growth, Hho1p is phosphorylated on five closely spaced residues, preventing it from interacting with chromatin, likely by interfering with its ability to bind DNA. Under these conditions, expression is increased for CDC2, a homolog of the cyclin dependent kinases responsible for histone H1 phosphorylation, possibly creating a positive feedback loop that promotes the cell cycle. During starvation conditions, Hho1p is dephosphorylated, allowing it to bind to chromatin. This stimulates the expression of some genes, including ngoA, and protease genes such as CYP1, while inhibiting expression of other genes, such as CDC2. This decrease in CDC2 expression may be responsible for cell cycle arrest during starvation.