Identifiers and Description

Gene Model Identifier

TTHERM_00471820

Standard Name

MLH1 (Micronuclear Linker Histone )

Aliases

PreTt22590 | 56.m00294 | 3686.m00137

Description

Micronuclear linker histone polyprotein; contains linker histone peptides alpha, beta, delta and gamma; sequence not similar to typical histone H1; present in single copy in haploid genome

Genome Browser (Macronucleus)

Genome Browser (Micronucleus)

Gene Ontology Annotations

Cellular Component

• chromatin (IDA) | GO:0000785 | Ref:8947546
• micronucleus (IDA) | GO:0031040 | Ref:8947546
• nucleus (IEA) | GO:0005634

Molecular Function

• DNA binding (IEA) | GO:0003677

Biological Process

• regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent (IEP) | GO:0006355 | Ref:8947546
• chromatin organization (IMP) | GO:0006325 | Ref:7606784

Domains

• ( PF00505 ) HMG (high mobility group) box

Gene Expression Profile

• Tetrahymena Functional Genomics Database: TTHERM_00471820

Tetrahymena Stock Center

No Data fetched for StockID

Homologs (v.2006 protein sequences)

Source	Identifier	Score	Description
Tetrahymena borealis	EI9_11263.1	7.99653777696195e-147	HMG box family protein (60...

General Information

Paragraph No	Gene Name	Paragraph Text
8	HHO1, MLH1	The HHO1 gene encodes the macronuclear linker histone H1 protein; the MLH1 gene encodes a polyprotein comprising a set of four micronuclear linker histone proteins (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) unrelated to Hho1p. Histone H1 and the MLH proteins are chromatin proteins that associate with the inter-nucleosomal (linker) DNA. T. thermophila has two nuclei, one of which is transcriptionally active (the macronucleus) and one that is silent during most of the life cycle (the micronucleus). Furthermore, the macronucleus undergoes amitosis, whereas the micronucleus undergoes typical mitosis. The fact that Hho1p and MLH proteins are found exclusively in the macronucleus and micronucleus, respectively, has led to studies of their function, or lack of function, in transcription regulation, mitosis, and amitosis. Surprisingly, an HHO1 knockout showed this gene to be non-essential; its main observable phenotype was an overall decondensation of macronuclear chromatin. MLH1 knockouts, which are also viable, showed a similar phenotype in the micronucleus.

Associated Literature

1. Ref:8995382: Sweet MT, Carlson G, Cook RG, Nelson D, Allis CD (1997) Phosphorylation of linker histones by a protein kinase A-like activity in mitotic nuclei. The Journal of biological chemistry 272(2):916-23
2. Ref:8947546: Sweet MT, Jones K, Allis CD (1996) Phosphorylation of linker histone is associated with transcriptional activation in a normally silent nucleus. The Journal of cell biology 135(5):1219-28
3. Ref:8760889: Liu X, Gorovsky MA (1996) Cloning and characterization of the major histone H2A genes completes the cloning and sequencing of known histone genes of Tetrahymena thermophila. Nucleic acids research 24(15):3023-30
4. Ref:7606784: Shen X, Yu L, Weir JW, Gorovsky MA (1995) Linker histones are not essential and affect chromatin condensation in vivo. Cell 82(1):47-56
5. Ref:8264578: Wu M, Allis CD, Sweet MT, Cook RG, Thatcher TH, Gorovsky MA (1994) Four distinct and unusual linker proteins in a mitotically dividing nucleus are derived from a 71-kilodalton polyprotein, lack p34cdc2 sites, and contain protein kinase A sites. Molecular and cellular biology 14(1):10-20

Sequences

>TTHERM_00471820(coding)
ATGGAATTAAGAACTAAGACATTAAATATTTAACCTCCTAAGAAACCATTTTCTAATACC
TATTAAGCTTTCGTATTAGAAAAGAAGAATGCCTTAGGAAAGAATTTTGATAACAAGAAA
GTTTAAGCTGACTACAACAAATTATCCAATAATGAGAAAGAAAGACTCCAAAAGTTGGTT
GATAATGCTGAAGAGAAGTACAAAGAGGAACTATTCCACTACAACAATCACATCTAGGGA
AAAGGTAAACAAAAATATGTTCCTTAAGTTAAAGTCCCTGAAAAGCCTAAAAAGCCTATT
GGTAGCTTTTTCCGTTTCCTAGAGGAAAACAGACAAAAGTACGCTGCTAAGCACAAAGAC
TTAACTAACGCTAAAATTTTGAAAATAATGTCAGAAGACTTTAACAATTTACCTCAAAAA
GAAGTCAAGGTATATGAAGATGCTTATTAGAAAGAATACGCTTAATACTTAGTTGAATTC
AAGAAGTGGAATGAAAAGTATGGTTAAGCTGCTCAAAAAAAACAAACTAAAAGAAAGAAC
TCTACTTCCAAATCAAGAAGAAGCTCAAGTAAAGGAAAATCTTCTGTTTCTAAAGGAAGA
ACAAAATCCACTTCTTCAAAGAGAAGAGCTGATTCCTCAGCTTCTCAAGGTAGATCTCAA
TCTTCCTCATCAAACAGAAGAAAAGCTTCCAGCTCAAAGGACTAAAAAGGTACCCGCTCT
TCAAGCAGAAAGGCCTCTAATTCTAAAGGAAGAAAGAATTCAACTTCAAATAAAAGAAAC
TCCTCCTCATCTAGCAAAAGATCTTCTTCTTCTAAAAACAAAAAATCATCTTCTTCTAAG
AACAAAAAATCTTCTTCTTCTAAAGGTAGAAAGTCTTCTTCATCTAGAGGTAGAAAAGCT
TCATCTTCTAAGAACAGAAAATCATCAAAATCAAAAGATAGAAAATCATCTTCCTCAAAA
GGTAGAAAATCATCATCATCCTCAAAAAGCAATAAGAGAAAGGCTTCCAGTTCTAGAGGT
AGAAAATCCTCAAGCTCAAAGGGAAGAAAATCATCTAAATCATAAGAAAGAAAAAATTCT
CATGCTGATACCAGTAAACAAATGGAAGATGAAGGTTAAAAAAGAAGATAATCTAGCAGT
TCAGCTAAAAGAGATGAATCCTCAAAGAAAAGTAGAAGAAACTCTATGAAAGAAGCTAGA
ACAAAGAAAGCCAACAATAAATCAGCTTCTAAAGCTTCAAAGAGTGGATCAAAATCCAAA
GGTAAAAGTGCCTCTAAGAGCAAAGGAAAATCATCTTCTAAAGGCAAAAACTCAAAATCT
AGAAGTGCCTCTAAGCCAAAATCAAATGCCGCTTAAAATTCCAACAATACCCATCAAACT
GCTGATTCTAGTGAAAATGCTTCTTCTACTACTCAAACTAGAACTAGAGGAAGACAAAGA
GAATAAAAAGATATGGTTAATGAAAAATCAAATAGCAAATCAAGCTCCAAGGGAAAGAAG
AATTCAAAATCAAATACAAGATCAAAGTCTAAATCTAAATCTGCTTCTAAATCCAGAAAA
AATGCTTCTAAATCTAAGAAGGATACCACTAATCATGGAAGATAAACTAGATCTAAATCA
AGATCTGAGTCTAAGAGTAAATCTGAAGCTCCTAACAAGAATAGCAATAAGATGGAAGTA
ATTGAATAACCTAAAGAAGAATCCAGTGACAGAAAGAGAAGAGAATCAAGAAGTCAATCT
GCTAAAAAAACCTCTGATAAGAAATCTAAAAATAGAAGTGACTCTAAGAAGATGACTGCC
GAAGATCCTAAGAAGAACAACGCAGAAGATTCTAAGGGTAAGAAAAAATCCAAAGAAGGA
AAGACTGGAGCTTATGGCAAGAAGGCAAATAAAAAATAATGA

>TTHERM_00471820(protein)
MELRTKTLNIQPPKKPFSNTYQAFVLEKKNALGKNFDNKKVQADYNKLSNNEKERLQKLV
DNAEEKYKEELFHYNNHIQGKGKQKYVPQVKVPEKPKKPIGSFFRFLEENRQKYAAKHKD
LTNAKILKIMSEDFNNLPQKEVKVYEDAYQKEYAQYLVEFKKWNEKYGQAAQKKQTKRKN
STSKSRRSSSKGKSSVSKGRTKSTSSKRRADSSASQGRSQSSSSNRRKASSSKDQKGTRS
SSRKASNSKGRKNSTSNKRNSSSSSKRSSSSKNKKSSSSKNKKSSSSKGRKSSSSRGRKA
SSSKNRKSSKSKDRKSSSSKGRKSSSSSKSNKRKASSSRGRKSSSSKGRKSSKSQERKNS
HADTSKQMEDEGQKRRQSSSSAKRDESSKKSRRNSMKEARTKKANNKSASKASKSGSKSK
GKSASKSKGKSSSKGKNSKSRSASKPKSNAAQNSNNTHQTADSSENASSTTQTRTRGRQR
EQKDMVNEKSNSKSSSKGKKNSKSNTRSKSKSKSASKSRKNASKSKKDTTNHGRQTRSKS
RSESKSKSEAPNKNSNKMEVIEQPKEESSDRKRRESRSQSAKKTSDKKSKNRSDSKKMTA
EDPKKNNAEDSKGKKKSKEGKTGAYGKKANKKQ

>TTHERM_00471820(gene)
AAATAATTTGACTCTTAAAAAAAAAAAGATCCTTCAAAAAAAATGGAATTAAGAACTAAG
ACATTAAATATTTAACCTCCTAAGAAACCATTTTCTAATACCTATTAAGCTTTCGTATTA
GAAAAGAAGAATGCCTTAGGAAAGAATTTTGATAACAAGAAAGTTTAAGCTGACTACAAC
AAATTATCCAATAATGAGAAAGAAAGACTCCAAAAGTTGGTTGATAATGCTGAAGAGAAG
TACAAAGAGGAACTATTCCACTACAACAATCACATCTAGGGAAAAGGTAAACAAAAATAT
GTTCCTTAAGTTAAAGTCCCTGAAAAGCCTAAAAAGCCTATTGGTAGCTTTTTCCGTTTC
CTAGAGGAAAACAGACAAAAGTACGCTGCTAAGCACAAAGACTTAACTAACGCTAAAATT
TTGAAAATAATGTCAGAAGACTTTAACAATTTACCTCAAAAAGAAGTCAAGGTATATGAA
GATGCTTATTAGAAAGAATACGCTTAATACTTAGTTGAATTCAAGAAGTGGAATGAAAAG
TATGGTTAAGCTGCTCAAAAAAAACAAACTAAAAGAAAGAACTCTACTTCCAAATCAAGA
AGAAGCTCAAGTAAAGGAAAATCTTCTGTTTCTAAAGGAAGAACAAAATCCACTTCTTCA
AAGAGAAGAGCTGATTCCTCAGCTTCTCAAGGTAGATCTCAATCTTCCTCATCAAACAGA
AGAAAAGCTTCCAGCTCAAAGGACTAAAAAGGTACCCGCTCTTCAAGCAGAAAGGCCTCT
AATTCTAAAGGAAGAAAGAATTCAACTTCAAATAAAAGAAACTCCTCCTCATCTAGCAAA
AGATCTTCTTCTTCTAAAAACAAAAAATCATCTTCTTCTAAGAACAAAAAATCTTCTTCT
TCTAAAGGTAGAAAGTCTTCTTCATCTAGAGGTAGAAAAGCTTCATCTTCTAAGAACAGA
AAATCATCAAAATCAAAAGATAGAAAATCATCTTCCTCAAAAGGTAGAAAATCATCATCA
TCCTCAAAAAGCAATAAGAGAAAGGCTTCCAGTTCTAGAGGTAGAAAATCCTCAAGCTCA
AAGGGAAGAAAATCATCTAAATCATAAGAAAGAAAAAATTCTCATGCTGATACCAGTAAA
CAAATGGAAGATGAAGGTTAAAAAAGAAGATAATCTAGCAGTTCAGCTAAAAGAGATGAA
TCCTCAAAGAAAAGTAGAAGAAACTCTATGAAAGAAGCTAGAACAAAGAAAGCCAACAAT
AAATCAGCTTCTAAAGCTTCAAAGAGTGGATCAAAATCCAAAGGTAAAAGTGCCTCTAAG
AGCAAAGGAAAATCATCTTCTAAAGGCAAAAACTCAAAATCTAGAAGTGCCTCTAAGCCA
AAATCAAATGCCGCTTAAAATTCCAACAATACCCATCAAACTGCTGATTCTAGTGAAAAT
GCTTCTTCTACTACTCAAACTAGAACTAGAGGAAGACAAAGAGAATAAAAAGATATGGTT
AATGAAAAATCAAATAGCAAATCAAGCTCCAAGGGAAAGAAGAATTCAAAATCAAATACA
AGATCAAAGTCTAAATCTAAATCTGCTTCTAAATCCAGAAAAAATGCTTCTAAATCTAAG
AAGGATACCACTAATCATGGAAGATAAACTAGATCTAAATCAAGATCTGAGTCTAAGAGT
AAATCTGAAGCTCCTAACAAGAATAGCAATAAGATGGAAGTAATTGAATAACCTAAAGAA
GAATCCAGTGACAGAAAGAGAAGAGAATCAAGAAGTCAATCTGCTAAAAAAACCTCTGAT
AAGAAATCTAAAAATAGAAGTGACTCTAAGAAGATGACTGCCGAAGATCCTAAGAAGAAC
AACGCAGAAGATTCTAAGGGTAAGAAAAAATCCAAAGAAGGAAAGACTGGAGCTTATGGC
AAGAAGGCAAATAAAAAATAATGAGTTTGAAATGTTAAGTATCAACTTTAAACCTTATTT
TTATTACGTTTATATTAATATTGAGTGATTTAATTTATTAAAATCAATAATAATAAGTAG
ATAAAGAATTAGTTAATTAATTACAAAATAGTTGGATGGATACTTCTACCTAGTAATCAA
TCAATCTATCTATCCTCTATTTAAAATTTTGAAATTTTGATTTGGTATTTTAACAAATAT
TCACCATTATGTTAAATACCTCAATTTATACCTATACTATAAAATCAAACAATTTATCTA
TCTATCTAAAGCTTATAAACGAAGTAACTAATTTTGTCTTTCTTATCTACAAATCCATTT
TGATTTTAACATCAATGAAATCTAAATTTATAAGAAAAAACTATAATTTTTCCTAAAATA
ATTATATAAAAACATAAATAAATACATAACTTCATTCATTCATTTTGCAGATTACTATAT
ATTTTTTTGTTGTTCGTATATTATAAAATTATCATATATTC